Factors that increase risk for an opioid overdose

Anyone who uses opioids can experience an overdose, but certain factors may increase risk.

Death from an opioid overdose happens when too much of the drug overwhelms the brain and interrupts the body’s natural drive to breathe. Teach your family members and friends how to respond to an overdose. Learn how and when to use naloxone, a life-saving medication that can reverse an opioid overdose.

The Factors

  • Having a history of overdose or a substance use disorder (SUD)

  • Having sleep apnea or other sleep-disordered breathing
  • Taking higher dosages of opioids (e.g., ≥50 MME/day)
  • Returning to a high dose after losing tolerance (e.g., patients undergoing tapering or recently released from prison)
  • Taking benzodiazepines with opioids
  • Having kidney or liver failure
  • Being 65 years and older

What can you do?

Parents, talk to your children about alcohol and drugs. Become informed about substances your children may encounter and the risks they face. Talking openly to your children is crucial. Be supportive (not judgmental) if a loved one has a problem. Recognize that a substance use disorder is a medical condition, not a moral failing. Be supportive and compassionate.

  • If Prescribed Opioids, Practice Responsible Use

  • Never take prescription opioids in greater amounts or more often than prescribed.

  • Avoid taking opioids with alcohol and other substances or medications.

  • Do not share or sell your prescription opioids.

  • Keep medicines in a safe and secure place. Properly discard expired or unused prescription opioids.

  • Start a Conversation with Your Doctor.

  • Make sure you’re getting care that is safe, effective, and right for you.

  • Talk with your doctor about setting goals for your pain management.

  • Ask your doctor about non-opioid options for treating pain.

  • Always let your doctor know about any side effects or concerns you may have.

Reach out, if you think you or someone you know has a problem.

Show support towards people in recovery.

How can we reduce substance misuse and substance use disorders?

Prevention Works

  • Strong positive family ties, social connections, emotional health, and feelings of control help people avoid substance misuse.
  • Evidenced-based prevention programs and policies are available for communities, schools, health care organizations, and other settings.

Treatment is Effective

  • Substance use disorders can be effectively treated with behavioral therapies.
  • Medications are also available for treating alcohol and opioid use disorders, and when combined with behavioral therapies, can effectively help people manage their symptoms and achieve recovery.

People Recover

  • Many people are able to make significant changes in their lives and maintain remission through social networks and recovery-supportive environments.
  • Recovery supports, including mutual aid groups (like Alcoholics Anonymous), recovery coaches, and peer recovery services, can help.